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    October 07

    央行行长

    谢国忠先生提了一个有趣的问题,然后接着给了一个有意思的回答。他问,为什么央行行长要么很老,留着长胡子,要么就是一副学究模样。至于原因呢,MIT的经济学博士这样回答回答道,这是因为央行需要树立一个老成持重的形象,这样才能“愚弄”老百姓去持有那些不断贬值的资产。谢先生还郑重的嘱咐大家千万不要相信自己的中央银行。

    如此郑重的嘱咐,谢国忠先生当然是出自好心,说明对于广大老百姓的计算可能还不是很放心的。在经济学上,就是说“货币幻觉”会存在,货币量增加,钱开始变得不如原先值钱,老百姓却还不知道,还愿意在获得同样工资条件下付出等量劳动。而在卢卡斯批判的语境下,这一担忧就是多余的,因为理性预期的假定认为货币幻觉是不存在的。

    不论学理上如何辩论货币幻觉的存在与否,政府在面对经济波动特别是经济危机的状况下,还是一意的在使用货币政策以至更为货币主义和理性预期学派所不容的财政政策。这一方面在于上世纪30年代大萧条所带给我们的教益,另一方面也在于政府干预下二战后西方出现了黄金增长时期。更现实的是,在面对经济萧条的窘境时,现实政治利益的抉择逼迫当代政府作出偏离理论上的最优化选择。

    即便中央银行的独立性对于控制货币通胀至关重要,但是在利益集团和政府政治的共同拐挟下,终不免落于打印钞票,为财政买单,为破产公司提供担保,一场新的应对通货膨胀的战争也在悄悄酝酿。现在看来,单凭依靠经济增长带来的额税收增加很难为巨大的财政赤字埋单,一旦利率开始上升,在通胀阴影下的经济可能还将面临新萧条的威胁。

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